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8.1 Introduction
Respiration is monitored by measuring the impedance across the thorax via electrodes placed on the chest.
When the patient is breathing or ventilated, the volume of air changes in the lungs, resulting in impedance
changes between the electrodes. The device applies a safe high-frequency current through ECG electrodes
into the body and measures the change of voltage between the electrodes to reflect the thoracic
impedance while ECG monitoring is not affected. Respiration rate (RR) is calculated from these impedance
changes, and the respiration waveform is displayed on the monitor screen.
8.2 Safety Information
Warning
When monitoring the patient's respiration, it is recommended to use the so-called
"non-OR" ECG cable which has no built-in resistors to prevent the energy loss of
defibrillator discharge. Otherwise, the performance of respiration monitoring is degraded.
The respiration measurement does not recognize the cause of Apnea. It only indicates an
alarm if Apnea is detected when a preset time has elapsed since the last detected breath.
Therefore, it cannot be used for diagnostic purposes.
If operating under conditions according to the EMC Standard EN 60601-1-2 (Radiated
Immunity 3V/m), field strengths above 1V/m may cause erroneous measurements at
various frequencies. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid the use of electrically radiating
equipment in close proximity to the respiration measurement unit.
8.3 Understanding the RESP Display
RESP waveform
Chapter 8 Monitoring Respiration (RESP)
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