direction established by the rear axle.
The units of measurement of toe are the degree
and the millimetre.
3) Camber or Inclination.
The angle formed by the equatorial plane of the
wheel and the vertical plane (Fig. 12): camber is
positive when the top of the wheel tilts outward.
The unit of measurement for camber values is
degrees.
4) Caster.
The angle formed between the vertical and the
projection of the steering axis onto the longitu-
dinal plane of the vehicle (Fig. 13).
Caster is measured with the wheels turned
through 10° or 20°.
The unit of measurement is the degree.
5) King pin angle.
The angle formed between the vertical and the
projection of the steering axis onto the transverse
plane of the vehicle (Fig. 14).
King pin angle is measured by locking the steer-
ing to 10° or 20°.
The unit of measurement is the degree.
6) Steering angle difference.
The difference between the values of the steer-
ing angles of the front wheels; by convention it
is measured when the wheel on the inside of the
bend is locked to 20° (Fig. 15).
The unit of measurement is the degree.
7) Misalignment of wheels on the same axle
or Set-Back.
The measurement of the difference in position
of one wheel in relation to the other, referred to
the perpendicular of the vehicle's longitudinal
axis (Fig. 16).
There are both front set-back and rear set-back; the
latter is not to be confused with the thrust angle.
The unit of measurement is the degree.
8) Thrust angle.
The angle formed between the axis of symmetry
of the vehicle and the travel direction of the rear
axle (Fig. 17).
The unit of measurement is the degree.
9) Track difference.
Angle formed by the line joining the ground
contact points of the front and rear wheels on the
left-hand side and the line joining the ground
contact points of the front and rear wheels on the
right-hand side of the vehicle (Fig. 18).
The units of measurement of track difference are
the degree or the millimetre, only if the wheel
base is known.
48
10) Wheel base difference.
Angle formed by the line joining the ground
contact points of the front wheels and that of
the rear wheels (Fig. 19).
The units of measurement of wheel base differ-
ence are the degree or the millimetre, only if the
track is known.
11) Side offset.
Angle formed by the line joining the ground
contact points of the front and rear wheels on
the left-hand side, or the right-hand side, and
the vehicle's axis of symmetry (Fig. 20).
The units of measurement of side offset are
the degree or the millimetre, only if the wheel
base is known.
12) Axle offset.
Angle formed by the line bisecting the track differ-
ence angle and the vehicle's thrust axis (Fig. 21).
The units of measurement of axle offset are the
degree or the millimetre, only if the wheel base
is known.
MAIN WORKING
ELEMENTS OF THE
MACHINE
WARNING
Get to know your machine. The best way to
prevent accidents and obtain top performance
from the machine is to ensure that all operators
know how the machine works.
Learn the function and location of all commands.
Carefully check that all the commands on the
machine are working properly.
To avoid accidents and injury, the machine must
be installed properly, correctly operated and
regularly serviced.
Central unit (Fig. 22)
-
Monitor: shows the working screens with
the diagrams of the angles measured; the
operating commands are in the bottom part.
-
Keypad: used to select the commands avail-
able and enter alphanumerical data.
The ENTER key recalls the command se-
lected by the arrow keys.
The ESC key returns the programme to the
previous step.
-
Remote control receiver: point the remote
Operator's manual EXACT BlackTech X Plus