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12. GLOSSARY
Tyre
A tyre consists of: I-the actual tyre, II- the rim (wheel),
III-the air chamber (in tube type tyres), IV-pressurised air.
The tyre must:
- withstand a load,
- ensure driving power,
- steer the vehicle,
- aid handling and braking,
- aid vehicle suspension.
I - Tyre The actual tyre is the main part of the overall tyre in
contact with the road and is therefore designed to withstand
internal air pressure and all other stress arising from use.
A tyre section shows the various parts it consists of:
1 - The tread. This is the part in contact with the ground
when the tyre rolls. It comprises a rubber compound and
a "pattern" that is suitable for ensuring good resistance to
abrasion and good grip in dry and wet conditions, as well
as quiet operating conditions.
2 - Edge or bracing. This is a metal fabric or textile insert, in
the area of the outer bead part. It protects the casing plys
from rubbing against the rim.
3 - Casing. This is the resistant structure and comprises one
or more layers of rubber plys. The way the plys comprising
the casing are arranged give the structure its name. The
following structures are possible:
Conventional: the plys are inclined and arranged so that the
strands comprising a ply overlap with those of the adjacent
ply. The tread, which is the part of the tyre in contact with
the ground, is part of the sidewalls and so during rolling,
sidewall flexure is transmitted to the tread.
Radial: the casing consists of one or more plys with the
cords in a radial direction.
A radial casing in itself is quite unstable. To make it stable
and prevent bad tread movement in the area of contact with
the ground, the casing and the undertread are reinforced
with an annular structure, usually called belt. The tread and
sidewall work with different, independent rigidities, so dur-
ing rolling, sidewall flexure is not transmitted to the tread.
4 - Side ring. This is a metal ring comprising several steel
strands. The casing plys are secured to the side ring.
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