INSUFFICIENT FLOWS:
The following may cause insufficient blood flows:
•
Occluded arterial holes due to clotting or fibrin sheath.
•
Occlusion of the arterial side holes due to contact with vein wall.
Solutions include:
•
Chemical intervention utilizing a thrombolytic agent.
MANAGEMENT OF ONE-WAY OBSTRUCTIONS:
One-way obstructions exist when a lumen can be flushed easily but blood cannot be
aspirated. This is usually caused by tip malposition.
One of the following adjustments may resolve the obstruction:
•
Reposition catheter.
•
Reposition patient.
•
Have patient cough.
•
Provided there is no resistance, flush the catheter vigorously with sterile
normal saline to try to move the tip away from the vessel wall.
INFECTION:
Caution: Due to the risk of exposure to HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) or
other blood borne pathogens, health care professionals should always use Universal
Blood and Body Fluid Precautions in the care of all patients.
•
Sterile technique should always be strictly adhered to.
•
Clinically recognized infection at a catheter exit site should be treated promptly
with the appropriate antibiotic therapy.
•
If a fever occurs in a patient with a catheter in place, take a minimum of two
blood cultures from a site distant from catheter exit site. If blood culture
is positive, the catheter must be removed immediately and the appropriate
antibiotic therapy initiated. Wait 48 hours before catheter replacement.
Insertion should be made on opposite side of original catheter exit site, if
possible.
•
Once an .018" guidewire has been introduced into the target vein, the 4F
sheath dilator should be threaded over the proximal end of the wire and
inserted into the target vein.
•
When the 4F sheath dilator is located in the target vein, remove the guidewire
and dilator one at a time.
•
Insert an .038" guidewire into and through the sheath until it is located in the
target vein.
•
Remove the sheath and continue following directions starting at #13.
Warning: Only a physician familiar with the appropriate techniques should attempt
the following procedures.
Caution: Always review hospital or unit protocol, potential complications and their
treatment, warnings, and precautions prior to catheter removal.
1.
Palpate the catheter exit tunnel to locate the cuff.
2.
Administer sufficient local anesthetic to exit site and cuff location to
completely anesthetize the area.
3.
Cut sutures from suture wing. Follow hospital protocol for removal of skin
sutures.
4.
Make a 2 cm incision over the cuff, parallel to the catheter.
5.
Dissect down to the cuff using blunt and sharp dissection as indicated.
6.
When visible, grasp cuff with clamp.
7.
Clamp catheter between the cuff and
the insertion site.
8.
Cut catheter between cuff and exit site. Withdraw internal portion of catheter
through the incision in the tunnel.
9.
Remove remaining section of catheter (i.e. portion in tunnel) through the exit
site.
MICRO PUNCTURE INSERTION METHOD
CATHETER REMOVAL
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