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Tutorial
Attributes of AC Signals
The most common ac signal is a sine wave. In fact, any periodic signal can be
represented as the sum of different sine waves. The magnitude of a sine wave is
usually specified by its peak, peak-to-peak, or root-mean-square (RMS) value. All
of these measures assume that the waveform has zero offset voltage.
The peak voltage of a waveform is the maximum absolute value of all points in the
waveform. The peak-to-peak voltage is the difference between the maximum and
minimum. The RMS voltage is found by summing the squares of the voltages of
every point in the waveform, dividing the sum by the number of points, and then
taking the square root of that quotient. The RMS value of a waveform also
represents the one-cycle average power in the signal: Power = V
factor is the ratio of a signal's peak value to its RMS value and will differ according
to waveshape. The table below shows several common waveforms with their
respective crest factors and RMS values.
358
V
= 0.707 V
RMS
T = 1
f
V
Peak
Peak
V
Pk-Pk
Keysight 33210A User's Guide
2
/ R
. Crest
RMS
L
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