Mondolfo Ferro AAS 924 Manuel D'utilisation page 123

called a belt. The tread and sidewall work with differ-
ent, independent rigidities, so during rolling, sidewall
flexure is not transmitted to the tread.
4 - Side ring. This is a metal ring comprising several
steel strands. The casing plys are secured to the
side ring.
5 - Belt. This is a non-flexible circumferential structure
comprising cross-plys at very low angles, positioned
below the tread, to stabilise the casing in the foot-
print area.
6 - Centring band. This is a small marking which indic-
ates the circumference of the top part of the bead and
is used as a reference to check exact tyre centring on
the rim after mounting.
7 - Protective band. This is a circumferential marking
in the area of the sidewall which is more exposed to
accidental rubbing.
8 - Sidewall. This is the area between the shoulder
and the centring band. It consists of a more or less
thin layer of rubber, which protects the casing plys
from lateral impact.
9 - Liner. This is a vulcanised, compound sheet, im-
permeable to air, inside tubeless tyres.
10 - Filling. This is a generally triangular rubber profile,
above the side ring; it provides rigidity for the bead
and gradually offsets the abrupt uneven thickness
caused by the side ring.
11 - Flap. This is the part of the casing ply around the
side ring and placed against the casing, to secure the
ply and prevent it from slipping.
12 - Foot. This is the innermost layer of the tread in
contact with the belt, or if the latter is not present
(conventional tyres) with the last casing ply.
13 - Shoulder. This is the outer part of the tread,
between the corner and start of the sidewall.
14 - Bead. This is the part joining the tyre to the rim.
The bead point (a) is the inner corner. The spur (b)
AS 924 - AS 924 A Operator's Manual
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