Date Of Issue - Leica Novocastra Liquid Mode D'emploi

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General Limitations

Immunohistochemistry is a multistep diagnostic process that consists of specialized training in the selection of the appropriate reagents;

tissue selection, fixation, and processing; preparation of the IHC slide; and interpretation of the staining results.

Tissue staining is dependent on the handling and processing of the tissue prior to staining. Improper fixation, freezing, thawing, washing,

drying, heating, sectioning or contamination with other tissues or fluids may produce artifacts, antibody trapping, or false negative

results. Inconsistent results may be due to variations in fixation and embedding methods, or to inherent irregularities within the tissue.

Excessive or incomplete counterstaining may compromise proper interpretation of results.

The clinical interpretation of any staining or its absence should be complemented by morphological studies using proper controls and

should be evaluated within the context of the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic tests by a qualified pathologist.

Antibodies from Leica Biosystems Newcastle Ltd are for use, as indicated, on either frozen or paraffin-embedded sections with specific

fixation requirements. Unexpected antigen expression may occur, especially in neoplasms. The clinical interpretation of any stained

tissue section must include morphological analysis and the evaluation of appropriate controls.

Bibliography - General

1. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Protection of laboratory workers from infectious diseases

transmitted by blood and tissue; proposed guideline. Villanova, P.A. 1991; 7(9). Order code M29-P.

2. Battifora H. Diagnostic uses of antibodies to keratins: a review and immunohistochemical comparison of seven monoclonal and

three polyclonal antibodies. Progress in Surgical Pathology. 6:1–15. eds. Fenoglio-Preiser C, Wolff CM, Rilke F. Field & Wood, Inc.,

Philadelphia.

3. Nadji M, Morales AR. Immunoperoxidase, part I: the techniques and pitfalls. Laboratory Medicine. 1983; 14:767.

4. Omata M, Liew CT, Ashcavai M, Peters RL. Nonimmunologic binding of horseradish peroxidase to hepatitis B surface antigen: a

possible source of error in immunohistochemistry. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1980; 73:626.

5. Chhieng DC, Rodriguez-Burford C, Telley LI, et al. Expression of CEA, Tag-72 and Lewis-Y antigen in primary and metastatic lesions

of ovarian carcinoma. Human Pathology. 2003; 34(10): 1016-1021.

6. Kass ES, Greiner JW, Kantor JA, et al. Carcinoembryonic antigen as a target for specific antitumor immunotherapy of head and neck

cancer. Cancer Research. 2002; 62(17): 5049-5057.

7. Tendler A, Kaufman HL, Kadish AS. Increased carcinoembryonic antigen expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and

in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Human Pathology. 2000; 31(11): 1357-1362.

Amendments to Previous Issue

First issue.

Date of Issue

05 October 2018

CEA-609-L-CE

Page 4