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BIOMECHANICS
Training Form and Movement Execution
On the treadmill, various forms of training can be used from walking, to power walking, to sprinting. The movement execution of walking,
power walking, running, and sprinting is divided into four phases:
Phase
Support leg under the
Front Swing Phase
bodys centre of gravity
Front Supporting
Touchdown of the foot
phase
Back Supporting
Vertical posture
Phase
Back swing phase
Propulsion with the foot
Running styles
The movement sequences of running cannot be standardized and therefore the selection of the most economical running style is very
individual and depends largely on the running speed and body constitution. A distinction is made between the different types of heel strike.
Forefoot support
Initial ground contact begins with the forefoot. The knee is slightly bent on foot impact and therefore a large part of the forces that
occur are absorbed by the muscles.
Rear foot support
Initial ground contact begins with the heel. The knee is almost extended at heel strike and the movement is cushioned by the passive mus-
culoskeletal system and the footwear.
Midfoot support
Initial ground contact via the midfoot. Combination of forefoot and rearfoot contact. It should be noted that an economization of the run-
ning technique prevents premature fatigue and prevents injuries and that the biomechanical requirements when running and the forces
that occur depend on the following points:
•
Running speed
•
Ground conditions / route profile
•
Body constitution
•
Running technique
•
Footwear
•
Statics of the lower extremities
Start
End
Touchdown of the
foot
Vertical posture
Propulsion with the
foot
Vertical posture
Notes / Motion Description
Here the maximum knee stroke takes place and
serves mainly for the forward swing of the leg.
When the foot makes contact with the ground,
the lower extremities are cushioned by a passive
braking movement within 10 - 20 ms.
When the foot touches down, forces are gene-
rated that represent 2-3 times the weight of the
body. It is therefore important to wear the right
footwear to adequately absorb the shock impact
and to ensure a healthy pronation of the foot.
In the final phase, the foot is streched out and pro-
pulsion takes place via the first toe.
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