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Signal Measurement
Signal strength values are defined by a few different measurements which vary even more for different service
modes. These measurements are as follows:
• RSSI
• RSRP
• RSRQ
• RSCP
• SINR
• EC/IO
Determining Factors of Signal Values
There are many different factors that influence signal strength and quality, including but not limited to:
• Proximity to the cellular tower
• Signal going through a cellular repeater
• Competing signals
• Physical barriers (mountains, buildings, trains, etc.)
• Weather
Therefore, measurements like Signal Strength (RSSI) and Signal Quality (EC/IO) do not incorporate all of the relevant
factors to describe the quality of the connection. For example, you may have an excellent RSSI value of -51 dBm,
but the Tower Load (the number of mobile users) in your area is very high. In this case, even though you have a
great Signal Strength value, you may not achieve maximum mobile data speeds.
Disclaimers
• Both Signal Strength and Signal Quality must be considered for successful cellular data connection
• Measured or reported values vary by modem, carrier, and network environment
• There is no black/white answer to what constitutes a successful connection
• Although signal strength may appear to be adequate, throughput speeds may vary due to dependencies on
cellular tower loads
2G (GSM)
Signal strength is defined by only one value: RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator; RSSI is a negative value,
and the closer to 0, the stronger the signal.
RSSI
>= -70 dBm
-70 dBm to -85 dBm
-86 dBm to -100 dBm
< -100 dBm
-110 dBm
ALD-16690
Signal strength
Description
Excellent
Strong signal with maximum data speeds
Good
Strong signal with good data speeds
Fair
Fair but useful, fast and reliable data speeds may be
attained, but marginal data with drop-outs is possible
Poor
Performance will drop drastically
No signal
Disconnection
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