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PHOTOTRANSISTOR
LED RED
The phototransistor is a type of semiconductor device
LED stands for Light-Emitting-Diode. It's not a light-bulb,
that can convert light signals into electrical signals. It
but an electric semi-conductor device. It lights up when
has three electrodes: emitter, base, and collector, with
an electric current passes through it. The polarity is
the base electrode not being connected outwards, serving
very important when connecting it – always connect it
as the light-receiving window. When light shines on the
correctly. If you are using an LED in your circuit, you
base, the resistance between the electrodes changes,
must also include a resistor. The LED in this Electronics
allowing the current between the emitter and collector
Kit already includes a built-in resistor – 20 . For electri-
to be controlled based on the intensity of light. For
cal diagrams is indicated like this:
electrical diagrams is indicated like this:
The design of the components in your electronics kit may differ slightly from those illustrated.
LIGHT-BULB
The way that lightbulbs of this kind work, is that an electric
current is passed through a very fine metal filament within
the bulb (the bulb is there to protect this filament, in fact).
The current causes the filament to heat, and this heat pro-
duces the light which we wanted. The glass bulb protects
the filament, and also protects us from the potentially hot
filament inside. Despite the active promotion of LED diode
lights as an alternative, conventional 'filament' light bulbs
are still very much in production. They have a whole range
of advantages and features which other kinds of light can-
not adequately provide.The lightbulb provided with this set
is enclosed in a protective semitransparent casing. Without
this casing, it would look like this: For electrical diagrams is
indicated like this:
Never gaze at the light-bulb for long!
It can hurt your eyes!
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INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
A microcircuit is a crystal semiconductor, which includes
transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors which are con-
nected so as to fulfill the roles of amplifiers, memory, gene-
rators, transformers, and so on. Today we find microcircuits
almost everywhere – in computers, telephones, cars, air-
craft and so on. Microcircuits are often called ‚chips', or IC
(integrated circuit). Our kit has the following integrated
circuits:
Module
21
– MUSIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Module
22
– SIGNAL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Module
23
– STAR WARS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Modules
21
and 22:
Pin 1 – Control 1
Pin 2 – Supply voltage +
Pin 3 – Control 2
Pin 4 – Supply voltage –
Pin 5 – Out
The design of the components in your electronics kit may differ slightly from those illustrated.
Module 23:
Pin 1 – Control 1
Pin 1 – Supply voltage –
Pin 1 – Control 2
Pin 1 – Out
Pin 1 – Supply voltage +
The first integrated microcircuits were made in 1958.
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