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providing fluxing elements and deoxidizers.
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creating a protective slag coating over the weld as it cools.
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establishing arc characteristics.
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adding alloying elements.
Covered electrodes serve many purposes in addition to adding
filler metal to the molten pool. These additional functions are
provided mainly by the covering on the electrode.
MMA (STICK) WELDING FUNDAMENTALS
ELECTRODE SELECTION
As a general rule, the selection of an electrode is straight
forward, in that it is only a matter of selecting an electrode of
similar composition to the parent metal. However, for some
metals there is a choice of several electrodes, each of which has
particular properties to suit specific classes of work. It is
recommend to consult your welding supplier for the correct
selection of electrode.
ELECTRODE SIZE
The size of the electrode generally depends on the thickness
of the section being welded, and the thicker the section the
larger the electrode required. The table gives the maximum
size of electrodes that maybe used for various thicknesses of
section based on using a general purpose type 6013 electrode
(See Table 1).
WELDING CURRENT (AMPERAGE)
Correct current selection for a particular job is an important
factor in arc welding. With the current set too low, difficulty is
experienced in striking and maintaining a stable arc. The
electrode tends to stick to the work, penetration is poor and
beads with a distinct rounded profile will be deposited. Too
high current is accompanied by overheating of the electrode
resulting undercut and burning through of the base metal and
producing excessive spatter. Normal current for a particular job
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ARC 170 DUAL VOLTAGE ARC/TIG WELDER
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