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Fig. D
Sine
Wave
Operation
Connecting a mains device
• WARNING: This inverter is not compatible with devices that have a capacitive power
supply; due to their design they will not work with the simulated AC voltage (modified
sine wave) of this inverter. Such power supplies are no longer sold from new in Europe
due to their reliance on pure sine wave AC and are fairly rare. They do not meet current
European safety standards but if you suspect your device has such a power supply,
make sure you monitor the device when first connected. If it is a battery charger that
contains a rechargeable battery of any type it is recommended not to try it due to the
possibility of damage to the batteries.
• WARNING: If the inverter is constantly running at a very high temperature or is shutting
down in use, it is possible the device connected to the inverter is not ideally matched
and should not be connected. Always monitor the inverter and mains device when
connected for the first time for the first 5 minutes or so to ensure both are working
correctly at normal temperatures, then check on the device every half hour for the
first 2 hours. Once the device is confirmed as compatible mark it so its compatibility
is recorded.
• WARNING: The mains socket fitted to the inverter is a universal type which
accommodates a wide range of world mains plugs. It is important when using devices
fitted with a non-UK or European plug that you check the device is compatible with
230V 50Hz. This is especially important for devices intended for the US market; these
will normally be 120V 60Hz only and must not be connected. Only if the rating label
of the product specifically states a wide input voltage and dual mains frequency, for
example '100-240V - 50/60Hz' can they be used.
• IMPORTANT: The inverter is reliant on being connected to a DC power source sufficient
to power your AC mains devices. It is not a fault with the inverter if the current is
inadequate to power your mains devices.
• IMPORTANT: If you are using an RCD with the inverter check that the inverter is
operating normally. As with all RCDs use the test button to make sure it is operating
correctly before use. If the RCD is not operating normally with an inverter this does
not indicate a fault with the inverter or RCD and is likely caused by either the modified
sine wave output or lack of neutral/earth bonding you would get from normal domestic
sockets.
• IMPORTANT: The inverter may shut down as a vehicle engine is being started due to the
high electrical current required by the vehicle starter motor. Ideally turn off the inverter
before starting the vehicle.
Notes
• The inverter simulates mains AC voltage using a modified sine wave (Fig. D). A small
number of devices may not be compatible with this type of AC waveform. Most resistive
load devices (kettles, filament bulbs etc) are compatible. Inductive loads, typically those
that have electrically powered moving parts or have circuit boards with electronic
components, are more likely to be incompatible. These have components that make
use of magnetic fields and often require a high starting current as well as being more
selective about the AC wave form. Generally even domestic mains sockets don't output
pure sine wave AC but their waveform is closer to pure sine wave than a modified sine
wave inverter. Many devices are designed to work with AC wave forms that are not pure
sine wave, so most devices are compatible with modified sine wave output
• Some inductive load devices may consume slightly more current or produce more noise
with modified sine wave AC compared to pure sine wave AC
• Some devices have huge starting current requirements which means even if the
average power consumption is well within the inverter's rating the device will not
be compatible. Pumps and compressors typically have the highest starting current
requirements (a refrigerator is a common device of this type). Generally an inductive
load with the same wattage power as a resistive load is less likely to be compatible due
to starting current requirements although some resistive loads still have higher starting
current requirements like filament bulbs
• If an inductive load device will not function at all with the inverter, or is not functioning
correctly, connecting a resistive load device with the inductive load may enable it to
function normally. A small lamp with a filament bulb may be suitable as a resistive load
• DO NOT use this inverter for sensitive devices such as medical equipment or any other
critical or calibrated electronic device that may not be compatible with modified sine
wave AC
Modified
Sine
Wave
(MSW)
www.silverlinetools.com
• When used with AV devices, it is possible additional background noise will be heard in
use and possible video distortion or interference. This could be due to many reasons,
including interference from the inverter or vehicle electrics as well as the modified sine
wave AC effecting components in the device. It is possible such a device simply will not
be compatible with a modified sine wave inverter, and a pure sine wave inverter will be
required for the device to work optimally
• Some devices, including laptops, mobile phones, and handheld electronic devices, have
AC power supplies to generate DC that the main unit requires to operate or charge its
battery. It is more efficient for such devices to be charged using a 12V charging lead
(possibly supplied with the unit) as this eliminates the conversion loss from converting
12V DC to high voltage AC in the inverter and then high voltage AC back to low voltage
DC in the AC power supply
• Some appliances (televisions, stereos, motors, neon lights etc) may require a much
higher starting power than their rated power. If the appliance will not start, the
maximum output of the inverter has been exceeded. To reduce the total load on the
inverter it may be possible to start the device by turning off other devices connected
to the inverter and then powering them up again, after you have started the device
that needs a very high starting current. If the inverter switches off due to high starting
current demands, this does not indicate a fault
• When checking AC output from an inverter with a multimeter, unless the multimeter
has a true RMS feature, it will give a low voltage reading from the output of a modified
sine wave inverter. This is normal and not an indication that the inverter or multimeter
is faulty
• Use a plug-in power monitor plugged into a domestic AC mains socket to find out the
true power consumption of an AC device. Ideally use a power monitor with a peak
current facility that will indicate the required starting current of a device
• If the appliance to be connected does not have its wattage (W) indicated on it, the
wattage can be calculated by multiplying the amperes (A) by 230
• When you have finished powering a mains device with the inverter, turn the On/
Off Switch (5) to off. The inverter always consumes power when turned on. See
'Specification' for the inverter power consumption without load. It is possible for a the
inverter to drain a battery and prevent starting of a vehicle if left on - even without
a load
1. Before connecting any appliance to the inverter, switch the On/Off Switch (4) to the
'ON' position. After a few moments, the green Power Indicator Light (1) will illuminate.
The inverter is now ready for use
2. Do not connect loads greater than the rated maximum continuous power output of the
inverter (see Specification)
3. Connect your AC device to the Universal Socket (3)
Calculating Load and Runtime
• Ah rating of batteries is an approximate figure that is rarely true when a battery is
discharged at a very high rate. A 100Ah battery discharged at 5A for 20 hours is more
likely to last 20 hours than when discharged at 100A for 1 hour which will likely be fully
discharged before 1 hour
• To calculate the maximum wattage output of a battery for one hour, multiply its Ah
figure by its voltage (12V) i.e. a 100Ah battery is capable of 1200W for one hour
• An easy way to calculate the approximate runtime of a mains device when connected
to an inverter with a known amperes power consumption value, is to multiply by 20
and divide the Ah figure of the battery by this calculated figure to get an approximate
figure in hours
• To convert a Watts figure into Amperes divide the Watts by the voltage (230) or to
convert Amperes into Watts simply multiply by 230
Protection Features
• Input over voltage: the inverter will switch off if the input DC voltage reaches or
exceeds 16V. This indicates a poorly-regulated electrical system in the vehicle
• Input low voltage: the inverter will switch off if the DC voltage is approximately 10V.
This prevents damage to AC devices due to insufficient AC voltage. The DC voltage may
already be inadequate for starting the vehicle at this point. The inverter will audibly
indicate low voltage from approximately 10.5V to 10V before shutting down
• Output overload: the inverter will switch off if the sustained or peak current
requirements of the AC device or devices is too high for the inverter or the peak starting
current requirements are within the inverter specification but are lasting beyond the 1
second limit for peak current
• Output short-circuit: If there is a short circuit in the AC connections the inverter
will shut off. This has possibly blown the internal fuses of the inverter and will need
replacement at an authorised service centre
• Overheat protection: The inverter will shut off if the internal temperature of the inverter
has reached approximately 65°C. This may occur due to inadequate ventilation,
incorrect installation, poor compatibility with an AC device, or simply due to the inverter
being used for a long period at maximum capacity. The built-in fan of the inverter is
temperature-controlled to reduce current demands of the inverter
• IMPORTANT: Always try to prevent these protection features from operating in the first
place. It is possible that damage has already occurred before they operate.
• IMPORTANT: When restarting the inverter after shutdown make sure the issue has been
corrected that caused the shutdown.
12V Inverter
7
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