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iomechanics
G
Biomechanics - treadmill
Form of training and execution of movement
On the treadmill the most different forms of training can be exe-
cuted, from walking to running to sprinting. The execution of mo-
vement of walking, running and sprinting is divided into four
phases:
Phase
Front swing phase
Front support phase
Rear support phase
Rear swing phase
Running styles
The motion sequences while running cannot be standardised and
therefore the choice of the economic running style is very indivi-
dual and significantly depends on the running speed and the
physical constitution. One distinguishes between different types
of touchdown of the heel.
• Touchdown of the front foot: Initial floor contact starts with the
front foot. The knee is slightly bended when the foot hits the
ground and therefore a major part of the arising forces is cus-
hioned via the muscular system.
• Touchdown of the rear foot: Initial floor contact starts with the
heel. The knee is almost stretched when the heel hits the
ground and the movement is cushioned by the passive loco-
motor system and the shoes.
28
Beginning
Support leg under the bo-
dy's centre of gravity
Touching the ground with
the foot
Vertical posture
Pushing off from the ground
with the foot
End
Touching the ground
with the foot
Vertical posture
Pushing off from the ground
with the foot
Vertical posture
• Touchdown of the midfoot: Initial contact with the ground via
the midfoot Combination from touchdown of front and rear
foot.
It is a fact that an economisation of the running technique pre-
vents early fatigue and injuries and that the biomechanical requi-
rements during running and the occurring forces depend on the
following points:
• Running speed
• Floor conditions / route profile
• Physical constitution
• Running technique
• Shoes
• Statics of the lower extremities
Hints /
description of movement
Here the knee is maximally lif-
ted and the leg is mainly
swung forwards. When tou-
ching the ground with the foot
the lower extremities will be
cushioned within a period of
10 - 20ms by a passive dece-
leration movement.
Touching the ground with the
foot causes forces which are 2
to 3 times higher than the
body weight. Therefore you
should make sure to wear the
suitable shoes in order to ade-
quately absorb the arising for-
ces and guarantee a healthy
pronation of the foot.
In the final phase the foot is
straight and pushed off from
the ground via the first toe
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