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SPA WATER CHEMISTRY AND BALANCE
Water clarity
Total Alkalinity (TA) in mg/l
Calcium Hardness (CaCO
) in mg/l
3
Colour of the water
Turbidity in FNU/NTU
Nitrate concentration above that of fi ll water in mg/l
Total organic carbon (TOC) in mg/l
Redox potential against Ag/AgCI 3.5 M KCl in mV
e, f
pH value
Free active chlorine (without cyanuric acid) in mg/l
Bromine in mg/l
When using alternative/additional disinfectants other appropriate parameters may be considered.
a Consult national regulations and guidelines for any deviations.
b Natural water sources may introduce water colouration.
c Intentional water colouration is excluded.
d When using organic compounds this value may be higher.
e Subject to the fl occulant(s) used (if any).
f
When pH is greater than 7.5 the free active chlorine is less than 50 %.
g Commonly recommended concentration of free chlorine in aquatic settings is 0.3 to 1.5 mg/l. However,
in order to ensure water hygiene in the spa setting where the water is heated and the water volume to
user ratio is low, it is acceptable to temporarily exceed this concentration with manual dosage, provided
the health of the user is not compromised. Therefore, a range of 2.0 to 4.0 mg/l is acceptable as also
recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Center for Disease Control. Do not
use cyanuric acid.
h Temporary exceeding due to manual dosage and low water volume to user ratio is acceptable, provided
the health of the user is not compromised.
Particular care should be taken with chemical treatment of the water with special attention to disinfectant limits
and control of pH values. The use of ozone or UV, where applicable, shall always be accompanied by residual
disinfection with an oxidising biocide (e.g. Chlorine or Bromine or other biocide products, compatible with
manufacturer's recommendations).
Improper use of chemicals may result in degradation, damage and other imperfections of the spa surface and
other spa components (typically discolouration of materials, corrosion of metal parts).
Free chlorine: is the chlorine residual present in the spa water.
Result if too low – Inadequate level of disinfection.
Result if too high – cause odor problem, skin & eye irritation, corroded metals and other materials.
pH: a value that indicates how acidic or basic the spa water is.
Result if too low – Corroded metals, eye & skin irritation, and destruction of total alkalinity.
Result if too high – Scale formation, cloudy water, shorter fi lter/heater runs, eye & skin irritation, poor chlorine
effi ciency.
Total Alkalinity (TA): indicates the degree of the water's resistance to pH change. It determines the speed
and ease of pH change, so always adjust total alkalinity before adjusting the pH level.
Result if too low – Corroded metals, eye & skin irritation. Low alkalinity will cause the pH to be unstable.
Result if too high – Scale formation, cloudy water, shorter fi lter/heater runs, eye & skin irritation, high chlorine
demand.
S AVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
Parameter
d
(353IO) SPA ENGLISH 7.5" X 10.3" PANTONE 295U 11/19/2021
clear view of the bottom
60 to 120
150 to 250
no colour should be observed
max. 1.5
(preferably less than 0.5)
max. diff erence of 20 compared
to the fi ll water concentration
max. 4.0
min. 650
6.8 to 7.6
g
0.3 to 1.5
h
2.0 to 4.0
353
English
A
a
Value
b, c
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