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Fig. 3: Open the clamps
Connection to an existing aquarium
If a Sulphur-Nitratereductor is connected to an existing aquarium with a rather high nitrate level,
the inflow of aquarium water should not immediately be started. If after 8 - 10 days, the nitrite has
disappeared from the reductor - a residual concentration of nitrate is harmless - the water flow can
be switched on.
After some time, a slimy bacterial biomass is formed in the Sulphur-Nitratereductor. This is a
normal process. A high bacteria population ensures a high removal rate of nitrate.
6. Maintenance
1. Control the flow rate: The flow rate through the filter has to be checked regularly. The optimum
is approx. 0.5 to 1 l/hr. This has to be re-adjusted from time to time.
2. Re-circulation pump: The re-circulation pump has to be controlled regularly for clogging. The
pump housing has to be opened and the magnet with needle wheel removed. Both are cleaned
under fresh water and mounted again.
3. Renewal of the sulphur beads and the Hydrocarbonate: Both materials are used and should be
refilled when necessary.
4. From time to time, measurement of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the outlet of the
Sulphur-Nitratereductor.
7. Options
With a redox potential control, the function of the Sulphur-Nitratereductor can be optimized and
the reliability can be increased. The optimal working point of the Sulphur-Nitratereductor can be
determined by a measurement of the redox potential.
Denitrification and redox potential
The redox potential is a parameter which can be measured electronically. The value is a
measurement for equilibrium between reducing and oxydizing reactions in the water.
The redox potential in the aquarium itself is kept at plus 300 - 440 mV (Millivolt). This high redox
potential indicates that oxydation reactions dominate over reduction reactions. Oxydation reactions
are biochemical reactions where a substance is oxydized, e. g. by oxygen. A negative redox
potential indicates the absence of oxygen and is lethal for most aquarium inhabitants.
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