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TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol – a series of protocols used
for communication via connected networks. The standard for data transmis-
sion via networks. See also Protocol.
Torrent
BitTorrent (bit: smallest data unit, torrent: fast-moving stream of water, from
the Latin torrens) is a file-sharing protocol which is particularly suitable for
rapid distribution of large amounts of data. Torrents are usually a few dozen
kilobytes in size and are available for download on the provider's website or
on index sites.
The initial seeder peer provides the link to the file which will be offered as a
torrent and keeps this available to other peers.
The client software receives a list of remote stations from the tracker which
have all or some of the data or are interested. As soon as one peer has a seg-
ment of a file and the checksum has been verified, this is reported to the
tracker and this piece of data can now be passed on to the other peers.
The group of peers who are interested in the same torrent is known as the
swarm. Peers who are in possession of the complete file and are therefore no
longer downloading from other clients but only distributing data are known
as seeders. Peers who do not yet have the entire torrent content and are still
downloading segments are usually called leechers.
UPnP
Universal Plug and Play – a series of computer network protocols which sim-
plify the implementation of networks at home by device-to-device connec-
tion. See also Protocol.
Volume
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