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Advantage of version 1:
direct readings.
Disadvantages of version 1:
less precise than
11
Fig. 5
E
version 2; requires more measurements due to lesser distance between individual readings.
Advantages of version
2:
greater distances between individual measuring points. Sighting
line errors are compensated by forward and backward readings.
Disadvantage of version 2:
the difference in height cannot be read directly.
Measuring precision:
JDepending on whether a clinometer or a combined clinometer ins-
a
trument is used, and whether the clinometer is used manually, suspended on a staff, or on
a tripod in the case of combined instruments, an accuracy of 5-6 cm can be attained for a
levelling distance of about 200 m with measurements every 10 to 20 m (routing project).
3
2
Measuring and checking talus inclinations
The direct talus ratios 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 2:5, 1:2, 2:3 and 4:5 are indicated on the scales
Marking a talus inclination for removing spoil from an embankment
(Fig. 5)
a
The instrument is set up on the side of the road (1), while an assistant on top of the embank-
ment (2) moves a staff with sighting index until it corresponds to the required inclination (3).
A
Spoil A is then removed along line 1-3.
1
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