Cng\mbhgl h_ Tbk^] @hgmkhee^k
Li^kZmbhg h_ Tbk^].O^fhm^ @hgmkhee^kl
L FgbmbZebsZmbhg ikh\^ll h_ ebg^ \hgmkhe9
Ankbg` ma^ bgbmbZebsZmbhg h_ ebg^ \hgmkhe Z_m^k ihp^k^] hg+ X7777YKX777YKX77YKX7Y _hk ma^ pbk^]
\hgmkhee^kl Zg] IBA _eZla _hk Z[hnm 2/ l^\hg]l- >m mabl mbf^+ Zee [nmmhgl Zk^ ]blZ[e^]-
M A^l\kbimbhgl h_ hma^k \hfihg^gml Zg] hi^kZmbg` f^mah]l k^_^k mh ma^ k^eZm^] hi^kZmbg` `nb]^-
N Pi^\bZe _ng\mbhgl h_ pbk^] \hgmkhe9
>
P^mmbg` h_ \^gmkZe \hgmkhe Z]]k^ll h_ bg]hhk ngbml9
Ta^g bg]hhk ngbm \h]^ l^mmbg` Zeehpl ebg^ \hgmkhe mh l^m ma^ Z]]k^ll+ \hgmbgnZeer ik^ll xO^l^mmbg`
Cbem^kbg` P\k^^gy _hk 0/ l^\hg]l mh ^gm^k bgmh ma^ fh]^ h_ l^mmbg` ma^ \^gmkZe \hgmkhe Z]]k^ll^l+
Zg] l^e^\m ma^ ngbm Kh- h_ ma^ `khni [r xQbf^ *.,y [nmmhg-
Fg]b\Zmbhg h_ m^fi^kZmnk^ ]blieZrl9
X@^gmkZe @hgmkhe >]]k^llY*UU9 Mk^ll xQ^fi- *.,y [nmmhg- UU kZg`^l _khf /,6C pbma ma^ bgbmbZe
oZen^ h_ //- >_m^k _bgblabg` ma^ l^mmbg`+ ik^ll xP^mmbg`y [nmmhg mh lZo^ ma^ l^mmbg` Zg] jnbm- ?r
ik^llbg` hma^k [nmmhgl hk pbmahnm ik^llbg` pbmabg 04 l^\hg]l+ bm pbee ZnmhfZmb\Zeer jnbm Zg] d^^i
ma^ eZlm l^mmbg`-
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P^mmbg` h_ \hffngb\Zmbhg Z]]k^ll [^mp^^g bg]hhk ngbml Zg] hnm]hhk ngbml9
Ta^g bg]hhk ngbm \h]^ l^mmbg` Zeehpl ebg^ \hgmkhe mh l^m ma^ Z]]k^ll+ \hgmbgnZeer ik^ll xO^l^mmbg`
Cbem^kbg` P\k^^gy _hk 4 l^\hg]l mh ^gm^k bgmh ma^ fh]^ h_ l^mmbg` ma^ \hffngb\Zmbhg Z]]k^ll^l+
Zg] l^e^\m ma^ ngbm Kh- h_ ma^ `khni [r xQbf^ *.,y [nmmhg-
Fg]b\Zmbhg h_ m^fi^kZmnk^ ]blieZrl9
XPrlm^f >]]k^llY*UU9 Mk^ll xQ^fi- *.,y [nmmhg- UU kZg`^l _khf /,2C pbma ma^ bgbmbZe oZen^ h_
//- Z_m^k _bgblabg` ma^ l^mmbg`+ ik^ll xP^mmbg`y [nmmhg mh lZo^ ma^ l^mmbg` Zg] jnbm- ?r ik^llbg`
hma^k [nmmhgl hk pbmahnm ik^llbg` pbmabg 04 l^\hg]l+ bm pbee ZnmhfZmb\Zeer jnbm Zg] d^^i ma^ eZlm
l^mmbg`-
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Fgjnbkr h_ _Znem k^\hk]l h_ bg]hhk ngbml9
Fg ma^ lmZm^ h_ lmZkmni hk lanm]hpg+ ik^ll x@EB@Hy [nmmhg mh `h bgmh ma^ fh]^ h_ bgjnbkbg` _Zneml
h_ Zee bg]hhk ngbml bg mabl `khni- Qa^ m^fi^kZmnk^ shg^ bg]b\Zm^l x@EB@Hy Zg] xRgbm Kh-y+ pab\a
lahpl ma^ ngbm gnf[^k pbma ma^ Z\mnZe \hgg^\mbhg bg l^jn^g\^ bg ma^ ]^\bfZe lrlm^f- J^Zgpabe^+
ma^ mbf^ shg^ bg]b\Zm^l ma^ \h]^ h_ ma^ \nkk^gm _Znem Zg] ma^ ik^obhnl _Znem h_ ma^ k^lihg]bg`
fZ\abg^ bg ma^ _hkfZm h_ XUU9VVY+ bg pab\a+ UU k^_^kl mh ma^ \h]^ h_ ma^ \nkk^gm _Znem b_ ghkfZe+
bm lahpl x, ,y Zg] VV k^_^kl mh ma^ \h]^ h_ ma^ ik^obhnl _Znem- Qa^ bg]b\Zmbhg h_ _Znem \h]^ h_
^Z\a fZ\abg^ eZlml 2 l^\hg]l- >_m^k ma^ bg]b\Zmbhg h_ ma^ pahe^ `khni+ bm ZnmhfZmb\Zeer jnbm-
O^fhobg` Z[ghkfZe lmZm^l
A
Rg]^k ghkfZe \hg]bmbhgl+ \hgmbgnZeer ik^ll x@EB@Hy [nmmhg _hk 4 l^\hg]l mh \e^Zk _Znem k^\hk]l-
Fgjnbkbg` knggbg` lmZm^ h_ bg]hhk ngbml h_ ma^ `khni9
B
Rg]^k ghkfZe \hg]bmbhg+ ik^ll xP^mmbg`y [nmmhg _hk 4 l^\hg]l ngmbe ma^ m^fi^kZmnk^ shg^ hg ma^
ebjnb] \krlmZe l\k^^g lahpl XUUY+ k^_^kkbg` mh ma^ ngbm gnf[^k h_ bg]hhk ngbml Zg] l^e^\m ngbm+
Zg] l^e^\m ngbm gnf[^k [r xQ^fi- *.,y [nmmhg- Qa^ mbf^ shg^ ]blieZrl XVWWWY+ bg pab\a+ V k^_^kl
mh ma^ ]ZmZ mri^ Zg] WWW mh ma^ k^lihg]bg` ]ZmZ- P^e^\m ma^ ]ZmZ mri^ [r xQbf^ *.,y [nmmhg-
V
>
Q^fi^kZmnk^ h_ bg]hhk ngbm mkZgl]n\^k Q>
Q^fi^kZmnk^ h_ bg]hhk ngbm mkZgl]n\^k Q@0
?
@
Q^fi^kZmnk^ h_ bg]hhk ngbm mkZgl]n\^k Q@1
A
MJS lm^i h_ bg]hhk ngbml
@hffngb\Zmbhg Z]]k^ll [^mp^^g
B
bg]hhk.hnm]hhk ngbml
@^gmkZe Z]]k^ll
C
Rg]^k ma^ bgjnbkbg` lmZm^+ ik^ll x@EB@Hy [nmmhg mh jnbm ma^ bgjnbkbg` lmZm^ Zg] k^mnkg mh ma^ ghkfZe
hi^kZmbg` lmZm^-
\e^Zkbg` _Znem k^\hk]l9
WWW
22
Prlm^f
>\mnZe oZen^+ ]^\bfZe lrlm^f
>\mnZe oZen^+ ]^\bfZe lrlm^f
>\mnZe oZen^+ ]^\bfZe lrlm^f
>\mnZe oZen^.1- ]^\bfZe lrlm^f ^-`- bg]b\Zmbhg
h_ 4/ pbma Z\mnZe lm^i h_ 0//
>\mnZe oZen^+ l^qZ]^\bfZe lrlm^f
>\mnZe oZen^+ l^qZ]^\bfZe lrlm^f